ENSO and sandy beach macrobenthos of the tropical East Pacific: some speculations

ENSO and sandy beach macrobenthos of the tropical East Pacific: some speculations

The influence of the ENSO cycle on marine fauna and flora has only recently been given the attention it deserves. The very strong 1997–1998 El Niño and its obvious effects on marine biota was a key point in ENSO research, but unfortunately few quantitative data about the 1997–1998 El Niño itself are available. To gather information about the effect of ENSO on the macrobenthos, we performed a bi...

Precursors of ENSO beyond the tropical Pacific

Tropical Pacific surface longwave radiation during ENSO

ENSO surface longwave radiation forcing over the tropical Pacific K. G. Pavlakis, D. Hatzidimitriou, E. Drakakis, C. Matsoukas, A. Fotiadi, N. Hatzianastassiou, and I. Vardavas Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece Department of General Applied Science, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece Department of Physics, University of Crete, Crete, Greec...

Hybrid coupled models of the tropical Pacific: II ENSO prediction

Two hybrid coupled models (HCMs), a dynamical ocean model coupled to a nonlinear neural network atmosphere (NHCM), and the same ocean model coupled to a linear regression atmosphere (LHCM), are used to investigate ENSO (El NiñoSouthern Oscillation) prediction skills, and to test whether having a nonlinear empirical atmospheric model leads to improvements over HCMs with only a linear atmosphere....

Optimal Growth of Central and East Pacific ENSO Events

Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) type ENSO events are inves-2 tigated using linear inverse modeling (LIM). Optimal initial conditions and growth 3 rates for CP or EP ENSO events are identified explicitly using a CP or EP ENSO 4 norm. The dominant difference in initial conditions that lead to CP and EP ENSO 5 events is the role of the second empirical orthogonal function of tropical...